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Taken from Review of Circuit Theory-Introduction: Although this book minimizes math, some algebra is germane to the understanding of analog electronics. Math and physics are presented here in the manner in which they are used later, so no practice exercises are given. For example, after the voltage divider rule is explained, it is used several times in the development of other concepts, and this usage constitutes practice.
Circuits are a mix of passive and active components. The components are arranged in a manner that enables them to perform some desired function. The resulting arrangement of components is called a circuit or sometimes a circuit configuration. The art portion of analog design is developing the circuit configuration. There are many published circuit configurations for almost any circuit task, thus all circuit designers need not be artists.
When the design has progressed to the point that a circuit exists, equations must be written to predict and analyze circuit performance. Textbooks are filled with rigorous methods for equation writing, and this review of circuit theory does not supplant those textbooks.
But, a few equations are used so often that they should be memorized, and these equations are considered here.
There are almost as many ways to analyze a circuit as there are electronic engineers, and if the equations are written correctly, all methods yield the same answer. There are some simple ways to analyze the circuit without completing unnecessary calculations, and these methods are illustrated here.
Taken from Summary: The “Desktop Audio” market is still in its infancy-where the computer graphics market was about 8 or 10 years ago. The VOX Audio Server tries to take the ideas developed by the graphics and window system community and successfully merge them with practical experience gained from building interactive audio and voice systems. We hope that the audio server architecture will skip a generation in the evolutionary development of audio services, providing the underlying software architecture for future audio applications.
The only way that voice will successfully be integrated into the workstation environment is if there is a standard architecture that supports voice and audio applications across all hardware and software platforms.
Therefore, in the spirit of MIT’s X Window System, the Olivetti Research Center is placing the VOX Audio Server specification and a prototype implementation in the public domain. We encourage other research and development efforts to use VOX and help make it a de facto audio server standard.
In summary, we believe that our architecture successfully deals with the routing and management of audio resources in a networked computing environment. We have integrated various voice and audio technologies into a coherent and novel architecture enabling applications to easily incorporate speech and sound into the man-machine interface. Extensions to video are supported by our basic architecture and allow for an even greater support of multi-media interactions and applications.
Taken from Introduction: This document contains the ETSI UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA) RTT candidate submission. The UTRA network is currently being developed in ETSI SMG2 and this document reflects the status as of May/June 1998.
Taken from Why Use PLC: The softwiring advantage provided by programmable controllers is tremendous. In fact, it is one of the most important features of PLCs. Softwiring makes changes in the control system easy and cheap. If you want a device in a PLC system to behave differently or to control a different process element, all you have to do is change the control program. In a traditional system, making this type of change would involve physically changing the wiring between the devices, a costly and time-consuming endeavor. |
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